Background on Drugs

War on Drugs President Bush initiated the ‘War on Drugs’ in the late 1980s. The Office of National Drug Control Policy, directed by Drug Czar Barry McCaffrey, sets federal policy. The 1999 drug policy includes:

Expanding drug prevention and drug treatment;

Establishing ‘drug courts’ and fighting drug legalization;

Focusing on cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine;

Increasing border shielding.

Drug offenders who serve jail time or traditional probation have a recidivism rate of 45%. Of those who completed ‘drug courts’ monitored treatment programs, the rate was 4%.
In April 2000, Hawaii's legislature passed a law permitting people to use marijuana as a medical treatment for AIDS, glaucoma, epilepsy, and to alleviate cancer chemotherapy side-effects. There are five other states in which voters have passed initiatives permitting restricted medical use of marijuana, but Hawaii is the first state to enact a law. Users will be able to grow their own marijuana, limited to six plants.
60% of federal prison inmates are drug offenders, as are 22% of state prisoners.
20% of all felony convictions are for drug trafficking; another 12% are for drug possession.
About 270,000 people are incarcerated on drug charges, up from 48,000 at the start of the ‘Drug War.’
Direct federal spending on the ‘Drug War’ is currently $17 billion per year.

Reducing the Demand Methods of reducing drug demand include: random drug testing; increased incarceration of users; and drug education. Since 1986, the courts have upheld random drug testing for federal employees; high school students; job applicants; transportation employees; motorists; and others. The current stated federal goal is a ‘Drug-Free Workplace.’
Reducing the Supply Methods of reducing drug supply include: increased border patrols; increased enforcement against drug traffickers at home; and pressuring Latin American countries to do the same abroad. Federal ‘counterdrug interdiction’ currently focuses on five ‘High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas’: Los Angeles, New York City, Miami, Houston, and the Southwest border with Mexico.
Reducing the Effects Methods of reducing drugs’ effects on society include: legalization; drug abuse treatment; and needle exchange programs. At congressional hearings on ‘The Pros and Cons of Drug Legalization, Decriminalization, and Harm Reduction’ in June 1999, the federal government reiterated its opposition to legalization, medical marijuana, and needle exchanges, and emphasized that the War on Drugs is an unending effort.
Drug War Buzzwords

The biggest components of the drug debate is how to reduce drug usage: by prevention or by punishment.
Hard-line liberals and libertarians generally favor legalization. Look for buzz-phrases like "the failed Drug War" or "allow medical marijuana."
Moderate liberals and libertarians will generally favor prevention of drug abuse. Look for buzzwords like "more treatment" or "reduce demand."
Describing drug use as a health problem (instead of a crime problem) is a buzzword for treatment. Seeking to reduce "prison overcrowding" by means such as "drug courts" (as opposed to building more prisons) is a call for drug tolerance or legalization.
Conservatives and populists generally favor punishment for all aspects of the Drug War. Look for buzzwords like "death penalty for drug dealers" or "the scourge of drugs."
Moderate conservatives and populists favor punishment while paying lip-service to other aspects of dealing with drugs. Look for buzzwords like "reduce drug supply" or "protect our borders."
Centrists nowadays are Drug War advocates -- the New Democrats (led by Clinton and Gore) support maintaining funding for the War on Drugs.
Equating alcoholism with drug abuse is a buzzword for marijuana legalization, as is pointing out the hypocrisy of respecting the right of self-harm with alcohol but not of self-harm with drugs.

Amendment XVIII and XXI to the US Constitution 18) ...the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors... is hereby prohibited. (1919)
21) The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.... (1933)

Background documents
Bureau for Intl. Narcotics, State Dept. web site Drug Enforcement Agency, Justice Dept. web site Office of Drug Control Policy, White House web site Intl. Narcotics Control Strategy, 1997 Report US Drug Control Strategy, 1998 Report	Controlled Substances Act, full text Drug-Free Workplace Act, 1998 bill Against Drug Legalization, opinion page For Drug Legalization, opinion page. Youth Perspective, Knot Magazine issue. Drug Policy, ACLU info page.

Related issues:
Crime
Juvenile Crime
Civil Rights

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Other candidates on Drugs: Background on other issues:
Secy.John Ashcroft
Pat Buchanan
President George W. Bush
Vice President Dick Cheney
Former Pres.Bill Clinton
Sen.Hillary Clinton (D,NY)
Secy.Elizabeth Dole
Steve Forbes
Mayor Rudy Giuliani (R,NYC)
Former V.P.Al Gore
Ambassador Alan Keyes
Sen.John McCain (R,AZ)
Ralph Nader
Ross Perot
Secy.Colin Powell
Gov.Jesse Ventura (I,MN)

Party Platforms:
Democratic Platform
Green Platform
Libertarian Platform
Republican Platform Abortion
Budget/Economy
China
Civil Rights
Crime
Defense
Drugs
Education
Environment
Families
Foreign Policy
Free Trade
Govt. Reform
Gun Control
Health Care
Immigration
Labor
Principles
School Choice
Social Security
Tax Reform
Technology
War & Peace
Welfare

Click here for The Forum discussion on Drugs. Click here for policy papers on Drugs.
*Other candidates on Drugs:*	*Background on other issues:*
Secy.John Ashcroft Pat Buchanan President George W. Bush Vice President Dick Cheney Former Pres.Bill Clinton Sen.Hillary Clinton (D,NY) Secy.Elizabeth Dole Steve Forbes Mayor Rudy Giuliani (R,NYC) Former V.P.Al Gore Ambassador Alan Keyes Sen.John McCain (R,AZ) Ralph Nader Ross Perot Secy.Colin Powell Gov.Jesse Ventura (I,MN) *Party Platforms:* Democratic Platform Green Platform Libertarian Platform Republican Platform	Abortion Budget/Economy China Civil Rights Crime Defense Drugs Education Environment Families Foreign Policy Free Trade Govt. Reform Gun Control Health Care Immigration Labor Principles School Choice Social Security Tax Reform Technology War & Peace Welfare